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torically, according to Lozano (2007), efforts at sustainability have been hindered by the individualistic behaviors characteristic of homo oeconomicus. [They] are human beings that are greedy and self-interested[and] have an insatiable wish to accumulate material resources and attempt to maximize their utility while minimizing their costs (Lozano, p. 370). These behaviors have made it exceedingly difficult to strike the balance between economic, environmental, and social considerations necessary for true sustainable development.
Lozano also provides a strong argument for the importance of collaboration i.e. using information, divergent insights, and spontaneity to solve problems and develop new understanding of new products. It thrives on differences coming from sparks of dissent (Lozano, p. 372). Collaboration, as exemplified in the example of the Curripaco villagers who hunt for and prepare food individually, but that aggregate the bulk of the food to the common fund in order to assure nutrition for all. This successful collaborative effort provides a stark contrast to the population of Easter Island where, according to Lozano, lack of collaboration and increased population led to deforestation, which in turn led to tribal warfare, starvation, population crash and even cannibalism. Clearly the approach of the Curripaco villagers would be a more viable means of achieving sustainability.
It would seem that, looking forward, we want to sustain [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], above all, our economic system, our way of producing our livelihoods. It is from this that flows our culture, our way of feeding ourselves [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], our way of pursuing happiness. We also seek to sustain our wealth---it is very painful to suffer a decrease in the standard of our living. These disparate ideas can be summarized as livelihood security, the objective of efforts on sustainability. Frankenberger and McCaston describe livelihood security as "adequate and sustainable access to income and resources to meet basic needs (including adequate access to food, potable water, health facilities, educational opportunities, housing, time for community participation and social integration)." Frankenberger and McCaston go on to quote two other authors (Chambers and Conway (1992)), to describe a livelihood as sustainable 'when it "can cope with and recover from the stress and shocks [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], maintain its capability and assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for the next />
The individual's role in sustainability is varied: we can play active roles in government, by voting, by exercising whatever rights we have; we can seek to be educated and to understand the livelihood system that we live in and its vulnerabilities; we can seek to develop consensus with our neighbors about what can be done locally to promote sustainability; we can develop coping strategies and plans to deal with livelihood stresses (Frankenberger and McCaston); and we can diversify our income stream (Frankenberger and McCaston).
The beginning of the GR made agriculture one of the most important players in the growth of the population. Basic crops like corn, wheat and rice became essentials to many cultures, and today these are still an important part of their everyday food consumption. The results for the first GR were outstanding in Mexico as wheat yield per acre rose fourfold from 1944 to 1970. Mexico, which had previously had to import wheat, became a self-sufficient cereal-grain producer by 1956 These results were the driving force for Norman Borlaugh trials in Asia. After 10 years of wheat breeding, Borlaug had plants that resisted rust and other diseases. Because they were insensitive to the length of daylight, they had the potential to grow in a wide variety of climates (AgBioWorld.org). However, the failure of the first green revolution in terms of the environment is an example of the interdependence of social, economic, and environmental issues on overall sustainability. The sole objective of the First Green Revolut